What Is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and How to Treat It?

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that affects the hand and wrist, causing pain, numbness, and tingling. This condition occurs when the median nerve, which runs through the carpal tunnel in the wrist, becomes compressed or irritated. In this blog post, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, and treatments for carpal tunnel syndrome, as well as tips for preventing it.

What Is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway in the wrist, surrounded by bones and ligaments, through which the median nerve and tendons pass. When this tunnel becomes narrowed or when tissues surrounding the flexor tendons swell, pressure can be placed on the median nerve, leading to carpal tunnel syndrome.

Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Several factors can contribute to the development of CTS, including:

1. Repetitive Hand Movements: Jobs or activities that require repetitive hand or wrist motions (e.g., typing, using hand tools) increase the risk.
2. Wrist Injuries: Fractures, sprains, or other injuries to the wrist can reduce the space in the carpal tunnel.
3. Medical Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, and obesity can increase the likelihood of developing CTS.
4. Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause fluid retention and swelling, which may compress the median nerve.

Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

CTS symptoms typically start gradually and may worsen over time. Common symptoms include:

• Numbness and Tingling: Most often in the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring finger. It may feel like a “pins and needles” sensation.
• Hand Weakness: Difficulty gripping objects or performing fine motor tasks.
• Pain: Aching or discomfort in the wrist, forearm, or hand, especially during activities like typing or driving.
• Worsening at Night: Symptoms often worsen at night, making it difficult to sleep.

How to Treat Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome depends on the severity of the condition and how long it has been present. Early intervention is key to preventing permanent nerve damage. Here are some common treatment options:

1. Lifestyle Modifications

   • Ergonomic Adjustments: Adjust your workstation or hand position to reduce strain on the wrists. Use an ergonomic keyboard, mouse, or wrist support.
   • Rest: Taking frequent breaks from repetitive tasks allows the wrist to rest and reduces inflammation.
   • Wrist Splints: Wearing a wrist splint, especially at night, helps keep the wrist in a neutral position, reducing pressure on the median nerve.

2. Physical Therapy and Exercises

   • Stretching and Strengthening Exercises: Gentle stretching and strengthening exercises for the wrist and hand can help reduce pressure on the median nerve and improve flexibility.
   • Nerve Gliding Exercises: These exercises are designed to help the median nerve move more freely through the carpal tunnel.

3. Medications

   • Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Medications like ibuprofen can reduce pain and inflammation.
   • Corticosteroid Injections: Steroid injections into the carpal tunnel can provide relief by reducing inflammation and swelling around the median nerve.
4. Surgical Intervention
   • Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery: In severe cases where other treatments haven’t provided relief, surgery may be required. During the procedure, the ligament pressing on the median nerve is cut to relieve pressure.
   • Endoscopic or Open Surgery: Carpal tunnel release can be performed using minimally invasive endoscopic surgery or through traditional open surgery. Both techniques aim to reduce pressure on the nerve and alleviate symptoms.

Preventing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

1. Ergonomic Workspace Setup

   • Position Your Hands Properly: Keep your wrists straight, and your hands slightly lower than your elbows when typing. Consider using wrist supports.
   • Take Frequent Breaks: If your job involves repetitive hand movements, take regular breaks to stretch and move your hands and wrists.

2. Stretch and Strengthen

   • Hand Stretches: Regularly stretch your fingers, hands, and wrists to reduce tension in the muscles and tendons.
   • Wrist Strengthening: Strengthening the muscles around the wrist can help reduce the strain on the carpal tunnel.

3. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle

   • Healthy Weight: Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce pressure on the wrist and prevent inflammation.
   • Control Underlying Conditions: If you have medical conditions like diabetes or arthritis, managing these conditions effectively can help reduce your risk of developing CTS.

Conclusion

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a common condition that can cause significant discomfort and limit daily activities. Fortunately, with early intervention, lifestyle adjustments, and the right treatment plan, symptoms can be managed, and many people experience relief. If you are experiencing symptoms of CTS, consult a healthcare professional here at BCWNYC for diagnosis and personalized treatment options.